Each language can form uncountable number new word combinations that will be understood by its bearers. An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. Volume 17, The World book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc a Scott Fetzer Company Chicago London Sydney Toronto 1997, http://books.guardian.co.uk/adaptations/story/0,,1767434,00.html, http://www.levity.com/corduroy/salinger1.htm, http://www.salinger.org/index.php?title=Main_Page. The point the authors trying to make is the pond itself becomes a minor metaphor for the world as Holden sees it, because it is partly frozen and partly not frozen. This research paper consist of two chapters. Yet the novel is not without its sharp advocates, who argue that it is a critical look at the problems facing American youth during the 1950's. All stylistic devices are multi functional. (Salinger 201). The straightforward approach to his novel caused a hurricane of controversy in America. Why did Holden do what he did to his composition? In 1951 Salinger released his novel, The Catcher in the Rye, an immediate popular success. This ungrammatical usage emphasizes the disillusionment Holden feels because almost no one sees the world like he does-he constantly has to reassure him that others would do the same thing or feel the same way. Holden's curiosity about where the ducks go during the winter reveals a genuine, more youthful side to his character. Enjoy eNotes ad-free and cancel anytime. Discount, Discount Code A translation should always include the tasks and the qualities (or even the standards) a translation should perform. There are several tests for polysemy, but one of them is zeugma: if one word seems to exhibit zeugma when applied in different contexts, it is likely that the contexts bring out different polysemes of the same word. It should be mention that this research work represents a great theoretical value for those willing to take up their future carrier in the field of translations as invaluable reference to the methods and the ways of translation of literary masterpieces. He also tends to be emotionally distant and uncommunicative. It is not the specific items an expression contains but rather the meaning it conveys and its association with culture-specific contexts which can make it untranslatable or difficult to translate. Holdens curiosity about where the ducks go during winter shows a more genuine and youthful side to his character. The mitt is representive of all these things. Grammatical transformations are characterized by various principles grammatical and lexical as well, though the principal role is given to grammatical ones. Several years before, Allie died of leukemia. 2, August 1951, 82. If originally published today, the novel would probably create little publicity and garner only average book sales. The types of the lexical peculiarities and their meanig would be pointed out in the context of this reserch paper. Following the idea of transferring the jargon, its adopted an idiomatic translation: A translation strategy that consists of producing a target text that conforms to the conventions established in the target language and to the spontaneous form of expression commonly used by native speakers., This novel is one of the most famous American novels in the 20th century and is strongly bound to American society. In the case of non phraseological rendering, there are two possibilities: one can opt for a lexical translation or for calques. Slangisms are often used in colloquial speech but not all colloquialisms are slangisms. He "[tore the composition up and [threw] it away angrily. Moreover, the characters created by Salinger used to have some obstacles to fins their own happiness; but, suddenly, it appears the religion as a solution, as a way of liberation: it supposes the end of the suffering for each character. Although the language of the Romanian version is much harsher, stronger and more direct as the original, it is the only way Romanian readers who do not speak English or who did not read the novel in original (depending thus entirely on its translation) can really understand the controversy created around the novel and why so many people censured and banned it. Stradlater's composition is supposed to be about a room in a house that can be described. Stradlater wanted holden to write it but he did not want to write it. Hyperbole is a device which is sharpens the readers ability to make a logical assessment of the utterance. The obstacle for the translator consists in recognizing phraseologisms. So his main characters (who have a lot of obstacles) learn about happiness. Arguments and explanations largely resemble each other inrhetoricaluse. His depiction of adolescent alienation and loss of innocence in the protagonist Holden Caulfield was influential, especially among adolescent readers. Another interjection that was used by the writer is Hell, no! (J. D. Salinger:45)that was used in order to point out to the reader Holdens surprise and for showing that Holden was a boy that used in his vocabulary not well words for a boy who was a junior in the school. Contextual meaning of a word is always effective semantically and stylistically owing to its unexpectedness as well. This quotation is from Holden's conversation with Spencer in Chapter 2. In 1996, a small publisher announced a deal with Salinger to publish "Hapworth 16, 1924" in book form, but amid the ensuing publicity, the release was indefinitely delayed. When Stradlater complained about the subject matter--"a goddam baseball glove"--Holden took it from him, tore it up and threw it in the trash. False friends could be called inter-language synonyms, homonyms and paronyms. Contextual meaning of a word in many instances depends on the character of semantic context, on the semantics of the words combining with it. flight weather turbulence forecast; best suv to lease under $500 a month; angels have paws grooming tallahassee; why is ruby red squirt discontinued. Separation of meanings and senses from the context, Despairing individual behaviors in the face of an unmanageable future, Objection of the traditional thoughts and the traditional moralities. Because people are unpredictable, they challenge Holden and force him to question his senses of self-confidence and self-worth. Transposition, thats, change of structure of the sentence may be caused by several reasons. One group of polysemes are those in which a word meaning an activity, perhaps derived from a verb, acquires the meanings of those engaged in the activity, or perhaps the results of the activity, or the time or place in which the activity occurs or has occurred. The interaction of different types of lexical meaning: J. D. Salingers The Cather in the Ray is full of stylistic device that made authors style more clear and sometimes more interesting. cookie policy. Out of these words, people. One of the main problem or difficulty in translation- is the use of bilingual dictionaries. $24.99 There are three symbols unparticular that are used most regularly in the novel. The tension between the two increases when Holden asks Stradlater about his date with Jane. For most of the book, he sounds like a grumpy old man who is angry at the world, but his search for the ducks represents the curiosity of youth and a joyful willingness to encounter the mysteries of the world. Log in here. Though he was two years younger than Holden, Holden says that Allie was the most intelligent member of his family. Relationships, intimacy, and sexuality are also recurring motifs relating to the larger theme of alienation. The ducks are in context to a scripture in the Bible, which tells of how the ducks are Free. We must think that the authors language was revolutionary, new and controversial at the time his first stories were published. This has been mainly achieved by the careful and analytical comparison of some identical passages from the ST with its translations. In the book there are many examples of the theme of the painfulness of growing up in the book. Holden decides to write about his dead brother's baseball glove because he is deeply depressed about his death and has not come to terms with his grief over the loss of his brother. For example: it was made a calques translation from miles an hour ; the places mentioned in the source text (Hollywood and New York) stay in the target text, although New York is translated into New York, which is the generally accepted Romanian translation (recognized translation). Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. Metaphor is transference of some quality from one object to another. The scientists identify the next types of translation difficulties and these types are: The first step towards an examination of the process of translation must be to accept that although translation has a central core of linguistic activity, it belongs most properly to semiotics, the science that studies sign systems or structures, sign processes and sign functions (Hawkes, Structuralism and Semiotics, London, 1977). Few linguists have endeavored to clearly define what constitutes slang. Does Mr. Antolini really make a pass at Holden? Holden will probably write it because he asks for details about the assignment. He also says that Allie was an incredibly nice, innocent child. "What did Holden decide to write about in Stradlater's composition in The Catcher in the Rye?" The difficulties while translating are connected most of all with conveyance of national character of one or another work: the brighter it reflects national life the more illuminate characteristic situations the more difficult for the translator to find adequate functional figurative means. In the following analyses will be given some examples of slangs from the novel with the help of direct quotations. What does this reveal about Holden? Lotman describes literature and art in general as a secondary modelling systems, as an indication of the fact that they are derived from the primary modelling system of language, and declares as firmly as Sapir or Whorf that `No language can exist unless it is stepped in the context of culture; and no culture can exist which does not have at its centre, the structure of natural language.' There are three types of stylistic devices which were used by the author in The catcher in the Ray: Dictionary and contextual (Metaphors, metonymy, irony etc. Once an idiom or fixed expression has been recognized and interpreted correctly, the next step is to decide how to translate it into the target language. The Romanian version faithfully and accurately kept and rendered Salingers use of intonational stress and italicized words, which represents an important case of gain. And it is quite natural that this matter covers a wide range of examples. (2019, Mar 02). When studying the reality of some object can be identify that its name reveals its functions which finds the reflection in the semantics of the word. The works of Salinger show the quest for happiness through religion, loneliness, and symbolism. What did Holden write a composition about? why does holden write the composition for stradlater . The author used a lot of stylistic devices of these kinds in order to capture readers attention to the smallest elements used by the writer for pointing out those elements that could not be used without those peculiarities of Modernists writers. It should be mentioned that word combinability is possible if words point to similar objects they denote. All this explanations or meanings of these words were used in the novel and through these exemples the it could be resulted that the authors vocabulary in this novel is very rich. He followed Catcher with a short story collection, Nine Stories (1953), a collection of a novella and a short story, Franny and Zooey (1961), and a collection of two novellas, Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction (1963). Associated with the noun following it, pointing out to a feature which is essential to the object they describe; Unassimilated with the noun, epithets that add a feature which is unexpected and which strike the reader. My First of all we should account for the techniques or the main pont of an analyse such as translation dificulties and lexical peculiarities that are used during the Modern Age for pointing out the most esential meaning of the writings that were written during the period. What is the setting for The Catcher in the Rye? It should be discussed cases of linguistic inconsistency in the Romanian version, such as the rendition of intonational stress. The conclusion is that generally they have been successfully rendered and they have usually followed the ST.. Salinger uses much of the Zen philosophy, as in the case of Nine Stories, to achieve this liberation. It could even state that Holdens personality is more important than the story he is going to tell us. A lot of critics were expressed after the publishing of J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Rye. Every translation activity has one or more specific purposes and whichever they may be, the main aim of translation is to serve as a cross-cultural bilingual communication vehicle among peoples. So we take on the following tasks: It would be necessary to transfer the original American jargon into target language expressions. I sort of closed one eye, like I was taking aim at it. essay, The Catcher in the Rye and The Outsider novels hold, Catcher in the Rye Essay Argumentative Essay, Belonging Essay 'Romulus My Father', 'the Lost Thing' and 'the Catcher in the Rye', Write . Holdens jargon is very important, because it emphasizes how this teenager was, how he talked We can see that Salinger has the tendency to use the second person pronoun you and the irony Its easy to see Holdens thoughts: the author reproduces the teenagers mind quite well. However, market requirements are increasingly demanding that translators transfer texts to a target language that is not their mother tongue, but a foreign language. The first type of translation difficulties that could be seen in J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Ray is distinguished between various uses of a word of general vocabulary. The more Holden focuses on his dead brother, the more alone he feels. Holden's deep unresolved sadness over the loss of his brother, a person he tells us was better than him,who should not have died at such as young age, indicates that he feels a sense of guilt over being alive Holden questions why he should still be here, when he brother, who was smarter and kinder than him should be dead.One of the central Holden's deep unresolved sadness over the loss of his brother, a person he tells us was better than him, who should not have died at such as young age, indicates that he feels a sense of guilt over being alive. These characteristics frustrate Holden, and they make Stradlater . In this chapter also will be exemplifies that Salingers fiction followed a chronological evolution, that there has been a well defined process of creating certain typical characters and that his characters evolved from the early prototypes in his short stories to the fully developed characters in his mature works, or even disappeared for good from his literary creations in a few cases. Life is a game that one plays according to the rules., [Ackley] took another look at my hat . One difficulty in translation stems from the fact that most words have multiple meanings. One should adopt a very cautious attitude toward these words or expressions so as to avoid interference and/or language misuse. Latest answer posted November 15, 2019 at 6:03:44 PM. He uses letters and phone calls and he connect different ideas, like innocence and adolescence with the Hollywoods corruption. Salinger's writing style is pointed out through a very open and explicit way. Holden's isolation is expressed in the fact that while Stradlater goes out on a date,Holden is all alone in his dorm room, doing homework for his roommate. Ccrowther Jonathan and Cavanagh Katchryn, Oxford Guide to British and American Culture, Oxford University Press 2003; Printice Hall Literature American Experience, Second Edition, Printice Hall Edgewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Needham Massachusetts 1991; Crystal, David, The English Language. These mistakes are caused not only by difference in their semantic structure but by the difference of their usage as well which demand lexical changes. Free trial is available to new customers only. Holden's decision to write about a baseball glove, a subject Stradlater considers unacceptable, leads to their fight, which is one of the factors leading to all the subsequent events in the novel: "All of a sudden, I decided what I'd really do, I'd get the hell out of Pencey--right that same night and all. It took the standards of The New Yorker editors, among them William Shawn, to refine his writing into the "spare, teasingly mysterious, withheld" qualities of "A Perfect Day for Banana fish", The Catcher in the Rye, and his stories of the early 1950s. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. . Other types are derivations from one of the other meanings that lead to a verb or activity. Up home we wear a hat like that to shoot deer in, for Chrissake, he said. The topic of the composition is to describe a room or a house; however, describing something meaningful only leads to . Ackley's room Supplementations of parts of speech are characterized by several factors: difference in structures of the sentences and that short English sentences demand spread translation in the Romanian language. I'm standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. This straightforward, simple read is nonetheless used in many schools today for its rich content of symbols and truthfulness. Distinguishing between various meanings of a word of general vocabulary. Focused on some of Holdens linguistic repetitions and their importance, as well as on Salingers humor and comic effects and their renditions in the two versions. This essay was written by a fellow student. Id just be the catcher in the rye and all(Salinger 98). Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Lexical peculiarities that characterise this novel and the style of the author are Themes, Motifs and Symbols which are one of the major and that could be easily identified in the novel The Catcher in the Ray by J. D. Salinger. Holden believes that every adult is phony and his goal to keep everyone from growing up and becoming phony. In the conclusion can be sad that the Romanian version achieved its aim; that of creating a contemporary and updated translation, especially in terms of language and language use. The purpose of metaphor is to liven up the text, make it more colorful, dramatic and witty - that is, metaphor carries out an emotive function. Throughout the novel, Holden struggles through teenage life because he cannot accept the given responsibilities that come with growing up. Salinger uses symbolism in his works also to foreshadow a better life. Because of this fact, a translation based on a one-to-one substitution of words is seldom acceptable. Traumatized and made acutely aware of the fragility of life by his brother Allie's death, Holden is terrified by the idea of change and disappearance. Identical stylistic devices are used differently in languages; they perform different functions and have different value in stylistic system of their language what actually explains their necessity when transformations in translation occur. In literature and writing, a stylistic device is the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written. The second point that would be investigated in this work is the translation difficulties which are presented through various types that would be in details discuss in this reseach paper. Romanian translation has the tendency to skip certain short passages or expressions of the ST in order to adapt them to the TT and Romanian style presented examples in point. Killing time before his date with Sally, Holden decides to walk from Central Park to the Museum of Natural History. One problem which will arise in translation is the translating of the third-person pronoun from Persian as a source text- into English as a target text. Essay. It is therefore unrealistic to expect to find equivalent idioms and expressions in the target language as a matter of course.[17:p45]. Each symbol has a different effect on Holden Caufields Life, emotions, and actions. In the book The Catcher in the Rye, in chapter 20, why does Holden do his "bullet in the guts" number again? The term translators false friends (les faux amis) was introduced by the French theorists of translation M. Koessler and J. Derocquigny in 1928. In The Catcher in the Rye Holdens main purpose was to be free from the suffering. But revealing these potentials of words is closely connected with the specificity of lexical-semantic aspects of every language and here forth we may observe the difficulty of translation of contextual meaning of words. The fact that a novel of such radical social opinion and observation was written in a time of conservatism in America made it all the more controversial. Romanian version imitates indeed the way teenagers speak nowadays and uses more colorful equivalents and expressions than the first version. J. D. Salinger and The Catcher in the Rye Background. In The Catcher in the Rye, what does Holden mean when he says, "Don't ever tell anybody anything. Sometimes in translation, the translator will face some problems related to the equivalences of source and target languages. Modernist literature can be viewed largely in terms of its formal, stylistic and semantic movement away from Romanticism. "Mad about Children." By throwing a tantrum. A peculiar group of words demanding transformation in translation are the words that possess different volume of meaning in two languages. It is significant that in the final sentence Holden uses the second-person pronoun you instead of the first-person me. It seems to be an attempt to distance him from the inevitable process of change. Equally surprising is Holdens willingness to go to the movies after his diatribes against their superficiality. Holden never comments on the hats significance other than to mention its unusual appearance. | This is why you remain in the best website to see the incredible book to have. The characters can only become happy if they isolate themselves from this society. This type contain two subtypes and one of these subtypes is Interjections and Exclamatory words which are words that that we use when we express our feelings strongly and which may be said to exist in language as conventional symbols of human emotions. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Essential Quotes by Character: Holden Caulfield. [11:p 65]. . After a dry and unappetizing steak dinner in the dining hall, Holden gets into a snowball fight with some of the other Pencey boys. . But it is what we aim at. International words are words that are used in a wide range of languages in one or several forms. Modernists shared a common purpose. Selma is the Headmaster's daughter.