The Armada set sail in May 1588, but due to bad weather and attempts by an English fleet to intercept it, was delayed for several weeks in the Bay of Biscay. To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. As the war ended, Philip II of Spain wanted to stay on good . For two weeks of the second half of November, Catholic mass was heard at Durham Cathedral too (with all evidence of Protestantism destroyed). One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. and reversing the religious settlement. Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. In 1571, he developed a plot to overthrow Elizabeth using his Catholic contacts in England and Europe. Queen Elizabeth I: The Controversies and the - Ancient Origins The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and later the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, of 1583 and 1586 respectively, all involved the aim of placing Mary on the throne. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! How successful was Elizabeth I in dealing with foreign policy - StudyMode The new and updated summary of the British and American history Elizabeth I: a biography. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. This increased tension between England and Spain. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only . Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. Drake himself described the raid as Singeing the King of Spains beard. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. (4 marks) According to many people at the time Mary Queen of Scots had a stronger claim to the . She was a Protestant. Life of Catholics in Elizabethan era | Laws against Catholics The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). King Philip of Spain sent an. Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. West Yorkshire, The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. English ships were went on many voyages of discovery and established valuable trade routes with India and the far east. The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? This time, however, the evidence gathered by Walsingham was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial. Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. How far do you agree with the view that Elizabeth remained single The Ridolfi plot failed mostly due to Elizabeths allies passing the names of the main conspirators involved to her. Register for free, Home / Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. Roberto di Ridolfi was an Italian banker who played a small role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls. his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther. As such, I disagree with the statement. There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. Roberto Ridolfi was a spy of the Pope. Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. West Yorkshire, In 1558, England and Spain were still allies against France, but King Philip of Spain (who had been married to Mary) hated Protestantism with a passion. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. Explain why Mary, Queen of Scots, was a threat to the reign of Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. Doodle's Point of View Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there. Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. - send 2000 to rebels. gcse history 16 mark answer - The Student Room J. Edward was succeeded by Mary, who in turn ruled for five years until her death in 1558. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. The English ships moved in for the attack and the following battle lasted several hours with 5 Spanish ships having been sunk. Elizabeths legitimacy becomes a problem because of this marriage. Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Boston House, The Problems Facing Elizabeth in 1558 - Coggle There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeth's role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. King Phillip had been preparing for an attack on England since 1585 and Marys execution made the situation worse with him even more determined to invade England. This focused on dividing the poor into the able-bodied and the impotent. Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. Manage Settings Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Elizabeth I Skilful In Her Response To Threats History Essay By the end of Elizabeths reign, the navy was also playing an important role in settling up an English colony in North America. Importantly too, Elizabeths fear of the Auld Alliance was heightened by the fact that the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, had declared herself the legitimate Queen of England (owing to the fact that she was Elizabeths second cousin and the granddaughter of Henry VIIIs sister Margaret) and she had the support of many English Catholics. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. The Council was controlled by southern Protestants and this caused resentment by the northern nobles. migration? Elizabeth I - reigned from 1558-1603 Elizabeth I's first rebellion to deal with was the Shane O'Neill Rebellion, which occurred in Ireland and lasted from 1558-1567. JPs provided the able-bodied with raw materials (like wool) to make items to sell. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeths predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. The second concern of legitimacy again comes from the marriage of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley | English statesman There were fewer naval ships anchored there and the port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies which Drake intended to either seize or destroy. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. Level 4 is about analysis supported by a detailed line of reasoning, so embracing counter-arguments like this are encouraged (so long as they can be explained).]. How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? The plan was then for the combined forces would then sail across the Channel to England under the protection of the Armadas warships. Anne Boleyn (L), Henry VIII (C) and Elizabeth I (R) Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Surviving colonists abandon Virginia and return to England. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . 214 High Street, Elizabeth couldn't restore authority and teachings of the Pope. Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. On November 1569, the Earls managed to capture Durham and proceeded to celebrate Catholic Mass in the Cathedral before marching south in the direction of Tutbury, Derbyshire where Mary was imprisoned. It had to deal with Irish . How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888. It was the arrival of Mary which also partly contributed to the revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569, which had brief success. - The threat increased by the fact that Spain and France were catholic, but Elizabeth had chosen to move her country towards Protestantism. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. Company Reg no: 04489574. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? The Spanish had a greater army and Dudleys army was significantly smaller. [Clear link back to the question at the end of the paragraph here.]. "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. Many of the rebel troops deserted while the two Earls fled to Scotland. First English colony in Virginia established. John White (another leading colonist) sailed back to England to report on the problems being experienced. Died: 24 March 1603. Spain depended on large ships which were heavy and difficult to handle whereas the English built long, narrow ships that were faster and easier to handle. Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. 1558 -french threat. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Boston Spa, However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________.