The age of participants ranged from 18 to 66 (M = 27.36, SD = 9.9). Accessibility Specifically, we found coping through self-blame playing a mediating role between PERMA factors and two of the HERO dimensionsresilience and hope. Careers. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies It was found that nursing students have negative coping methods, such as not being able to manage time well due to constraints at home and spending too much time on the phone, internet, and computer. Cronbachs alpha coefficients as a measure of internal consistency of the HERO subscales in the current study were highhope ( = .86), self-efficacy ( = .86), resilience ( = .73), and optimism ( = .83)consistent with the previous studies. The statistical analysis showed that during the coronavirus pandemic, Polish students most often used the coping strategies of: acceptance, planning, and seeking emotional support. Indirect effects describing pathways from PsyCap factors to PERMA factors through identified coping strategies were tested for mediating roles. COVID-19 has led to global dramatic shifts in daily life. WebSupport in faith was a positive predictor for perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Among adaptive coping strategies, active coping, positive reframing, and using emotional support mediated the relationship between optimism and overall well-being. Trauma, recovery, and growth: Positive psychological perspectives on posttraumatic stress. The coping strategy of planning (mean) among students in individual program years (F, Fig 5. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20593, Tansey, T. N., Smedema, S., Umucu, E., Iwanaga, K., Wu, J.-R., Cardoso, E. D. S., & Strauser, D. (2018). In this context, it could be useful to understand issues that people find most concerning and ways in which they cope with stress. Research has demonstrated that this exacerbates existing mental health concerns among university students (Klussman et al., 2020). Disengagement coping includes responses such as avoidance, denial, and wishful thinking, as well as aspects of emotion-focused coping, because it involves an attempt to escape feelings of distress (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010; de la Fuente et al., 2020). WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. Mental health priorities: Stigma elimination and community advocacy in college settings. Resilience, the ability to recover from setbacks when pathways are blocked (Masten, 2001), had a predictive role on positive emotion and accomplishment in this study. However, after COVID-19, self-efficacy did not present as a predictor of well-being in this study. FOIA American Psychologist, 56(3), 227238. Americans stress, worry and anger intensified in 2018. 2023 Feb 8;20(4):2988. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042988. College student retention: An exploration of the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and purpose in life among university students. Whether its an internship, dissertation defense or graduation ceremony, important events may not happen this year. Each subscale is measured by two items and is assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. A brief questionnaire was used to capture participant information. Positivity: Groundbreaking research reveals how to embrace the hidden strength of positive emotions, overcome negativity, and thrive. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. (2009). The following research questions guided our work: Participants As a flexible learning method, most schools chose online distance learning (ODL). https://doi.org/10.1002/job.373, Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. Guarding Your Joy: Keeping Your Mental Wellness High On Your Agenda, 7 Tips For Keeping A Routine For Your Wellness, Your Employees Are Stressed: Why Digital Mental Health Solutions Are Important In These Unpredictable Times And Beyond, Social Distancing And Staying Connected Through Games, Your Feelings (About Coronavirus) Are Valid, 10 Things You Can Do Besides Watch The News, A College Students 7 Tips For Transitioning To Online Classes. Basic self-care will keep your immune system strong and your emotional reserves full. Assessing college life adjustment of students with disabilities: Application of the PERMA framework. An official website of the United States government. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.227. International journal of mental health nursing. Justine K. James, PhD, is an assistant professor at University College in Kerala, India. Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800332, Luthans, B. C., Luthans, K. W., & Avey, J. Specifically, adaptive coping strategies played a significant role in enhancing the positive effects of PsyCap on well-being. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070, Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1984). Journal of Mental Health, 27(3), 279287. Iasiello, M., Bartholomaeus, J., Jarden, A., & Kelly, G. (2017). The aim of the current study was to examine the relationships among well-being in university students before and during the onset of COVID-19 with PsyCap and coping strategies. (2015). Thus, there is potential for counselors to develop well-being promotion initiatives for students on university campuses targeting PsyCap and its constituting positive psychological HERO resources with the end goal of strengthening well-being (Avey, Avolio et al., 2011; F. Luthans et al., 2015; F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000175, Johnson, R. (2020). Coping strategies with insignificant mediating role are not included in the table. Cluster analysis for strategies of. The uncertainties arising from COVID-19 have added to anticipatory anxiety regarding the future (Ray, 2019; Witters & Harter, 2020). (2011). B., & Everette James, A. Data was gathered from 577 students from 17 universities. Baj-Korpak J, Zaworski K, Szymczuk E, Shpakou A. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Students practiced their emerging skills in simulated emergency scenarios. Selvaraj, P. R., & Bhat, C. S. (2018). Now is my chance to help others. Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, despite the rapid emergence of these important studies, we still know little about how college students . (2015). Predictors of Students' Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of Coping Strategies, Sense of Coherence, and Social Support. After cleaning the data, 197 surveys were excluded from the data analyses. The experience of emotional wellbeing. A structural equation model of achievement emotions, coping strategies and engagement-burnout in undergraduate students: A possible underlying mechanism in facets of perfectionism. A similar application was applied to learning English specifically for midwifery students on Flores Island during the covid-19 pandemic. Studies show that all five pillars of well-being in the PERMA model are associated with better academic outcomes in students, such as improved college life adjustment, achievement, and overall life satisfaction (Butler & Kern, 2016; DeWitz et al., 2009; Tansey et al., 2018). The newly revised approach to foundation skills must deal with this inherent challenge. Twenge, J. M. (2017). Youth can The results also showed that the youngest students had the lowest coping skills. Copyright 2023 National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates. Do something physical like dancing. Experts are projecting increases in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide in the United States (Wan, 2020). WebOwning Your Feelings & Moving Through Emotional Discomfort. (2007) developed PsyCap from research in positive organizational behavior and positive psychology. Implications and recommendations for psychoeducation and counseling interventions to promote PsyCap and adaptive coping strategies in university students are presented. The final two pillars are meaning (M), a sense of purpose in life that is derived from something greater than oneself, and accomplishment (A), a persistent drive that helps one progress toward personal goals and provides one with a sense of achievement in life. L = Loneliness. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Babicka-Wirkus A, Kozowski P, Wirkus , Stasiak K. Int J Environ Res Public Health. American Psychological Association. Mental Health For Remote Workers: Supporting Employees And One 44106-7164, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, COVID-19: Our Body, Our Brains, Our Trauma. SuperBetter: A revolutionary approach to getting stronger, happier, braver and more resilient. Psychometric validation of the PERMA-profiler as a well-being measure for student veterans. The majority of the participants were full time students (82%, n = 498) compared to part-time students (18%, n = 111). Of course, its good to stay informed, especially about whats happening in your area. Control-coping goodness-of-fit and chronic illness: A systematic review of the literature. Key findings are that the optimism, hope, and resilience dimensions of PsyCap are significant predictors of well-being, explaining a large amount of variance, with adaptive coping being conducive to flourishing. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062106, Deaton, A. Stress, coping and gender differences in third year medical students. Future researchers examining well-being in university students in different regions of the country or internationally may wish to further investigate the applicability of the PERMA model as a measure of university students well-being during the pandemic. To conclude, the present findings contribute to existing literature on PsyCap and well-being, using the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) among university students in the United States in the context of COVID-19. Try to create a separate work space, although you should reserve your sleeping area for sleeping. * p < .05, ** p < .01. But during COVID-19, the relevance of self-efficacy in predicting PERMA elements was limited to controllable factorsrelationships, meaning, and physical healthand the predictive role of self-efficacy overall was no longer significant (see Table 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.004, Avey, J. Psychol. (2012). Meyer, M. L., Wagner, D. D., Holtzheimer, P. E., & Campbell, A. T. (2020). It is important to remember that not everything being said about COVID-19 is accurate. Is there a significant difference in the well-being of university students prior to the onset of COVID-19 (reported retrospectively) and after the onset of COVID-19? The International Association of Counseling Services, Inc., 2008 [cited 2021 Feb 23]. Optimism had a significant indirect effect on change in well-being compared to hope and resilience (see Table 3). Check in with your child frequently and listen to their concerns. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. From the Great Depression to 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, victims of these life-shattering events have had to deal with their present circumstances and were also left with worries about how life and society would be inexorably altered in the future. Thus, efficient interventions that are not likely to trigger stigma responses are helpful in this context. Helpful strategies of coping Engage your senses with hot baths or fragrant candles. Guilford. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(6), e20185. Shift in Predictive Roles of PsyCap HERO Dimensions The neurobiology research shows us that relationships and connections are important in mitigating the effects of trauma. Indirect Effect of Psychological Capital on PERMA Factors Through Coping Strategies (Mediators), Note. Indeed, the emerging literature paints a bleak picture of college students experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies conducted during the COVID19 pandemic have shown a similar pattern: psychological resilience, coping behaviours and social support safeguard mental health and wellbeing among health care workers who are on the frontlines of the fights against this deadly virus (BlancoDonoso et al., 2021; Chew et al., 2020; Labrague & De los Wiley. PsyCap is defined as an, individuals positive psychological state of development characterized by (1) having confidence (self-efficacy) to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks; (2) making a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3) persevering toward goals and, when necessary, redirecting paths to goals (hope) in order to succeed; and (4) when beset by problems and adversity, sustaining and bouncing back and even beyond (resilience) to attain success. Ertosun, . G., Erdil, O., Deniz, N., & Alpkan, L. (2015). Recently, the use of positive psychology smartphone apps such as Happify and resilience-building video games such as SuperBetter have been suggested and tested as motivational tools, especially with younger adults, to foster sustained and continued engagement with PsyCap development (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017; McGonigal, 2015). With each PERMA element individually rendering to flourishing mental health, specific targeted positive psychology interventions might be offered as domain-specific interventions. Predicting PERMA Elements From Psychological Capital Prior to the Onset of COVID-19 and After the Onset of COVID-19. For the present study, reliability scores were high for four pillarspositive emotion ( = .88), relationships ( = .83), meaning ( = .89), accomplishment ( = .82); high for the subscales of negative emotion ( = .73) and physical health ( = .85); and moderate for the pillar of engagement ( = .65).
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