When this happens people will know how to perform each and every ritual of Nepal, regardless of the Castes. 38,193. In urban areas, both castes have the privilege to serve government, political and financial industries. [8] Kshetri dominate the military forces with nearly all high ranked officers belonging to either Kshetri or Thakuri caste. If the funeral ritual is not celebrated, the deceased can not go further and instead will haunt the living in the form of an evil spirit. It comprises 126 types of castes and small types of ethnic groups. Similarly, serious limitations and oversights of this code include the complete exclusion of the large middle-ranking Terai groups. There has been a long debate in the literature over whether the caste system is a unique social phenomenon or simply one manifestation of . Music, theater and fine arts have traditionally been the domain of other, usually lower, castes, and, with the exception of the educated residents of the cities, Brahmins and Chhetri are not interested in art. Order in Paradox: Myth, Ritual and Exchange among Nepal's Tamang, 1989. Nwaran: Everything about Naming Ceremony in Nepal, Susssssssss!!!!! Amar Singh Thapa based on religious values developed Nishankalika flag after ceremoniously inviting Kalika Bhawani, ancestors, friendly deities and 49 Maruts to reside on the flag. It was rooted in traditional Hindu Law and codified social practices for several centuries in Nepal. This custom was traditionally only prevalent in the three Indo Aryan societies of the Khas, Madhesi, and Newars. Often, however, also unrelated persons, including strangers, are entitled to the same terms. Full list of family names of hilly, Himalayas, terai, Madhesh regions. Some of the different castes and the respective dresses worn by them are Bahun, Chhetri, Gutung, Limbu, Magar, Maithili, Newar, Raute, Rai, etc. Thapa is an ancient Paikela (warrior) rank in the medieval Khasa Kingdom of Western Nepal. If a Brahmin marry Baishya(Mongoloids, Chettri, Newars etc) then the couple automatically considered . Answer (1 of 5): Bhandari is the titled surname given to those who were treasurer or store keepers in Nepal. It is a common belief that from Rishis who were the children of Brahma, eight gotras emerged. . Now Before we go, we have to acknowledge that we are all the same. The Nepalese caste system broadly borrows the classical Hindu Chaturvarnashram model, consisting of four broad social classes or varna: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Sudra. [5] The nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom mainly originated from Chhetri families. Nepal Population Report, 2002. [1] Chhetris speak an Indo-Aryan Nepali language (Khas-Kura) as mother tongue. This form of Masto worship among the Khasas is apparently not related to any Vedic scriptures and tradition of the Gangetic plains of India, and seems more closer to pre-Buddhist Shamanistic Bon practice of Tibet. In simple terms, Gotra means the clan a person belongs to in Hindu society. Some of these names are shared among Bahuns and Thakuris, indicating a common Khas origin among these higher castes.Examples of occupation-derived surnames are Adhikari ("official"), Khadka ("sword-bearer") and Kunwar ("prince"). The surnames are Bhusal, Pangeni, Basnet, Rijal, Humagain, Khadka, Dhamala, Guragain. [13], In the early modern history of Nepal, Chhetris played a key role in the Unification of Nepal, providing the core of the Gorkhali army of the mid-18th century. With the exception of what is passed on to daughters in the dowry, all property, especially landed property, is taken over by sons. Thakuri Caste : Here Is Every Detail About Thakuri Caste - notes Nepal Or Hamal and Chhatyal are one and the same.All of these surnames are very similar to the surnames of the present day Thakuri. Which caste is highest in Nepal? - 2023 The majority of the Chhetri (99%) belong to the Hindu religious group while the remaining minority is Buddhists. The Mahabharat is one of the two major Blue is the color of all-inclusiveness. Little, if any, history of Christianity. They live in small rural settlements that are situated near rivers or springs. Sage Atreya made significant accomplishments as a scholar in Ayurveda. They have played a more dominant role than have any other group in the formation of the modern Nepalese state. [1][12], Hierarchies of Major Caste/Ethnic Groups in Nepal according to Muluki Ain:[17][18], Terai Brahmin (referred in the code as Indian/Desi Brahmin) (no mention of Terai Kshatriya groups), Gurkha clans - Gurung, Magar, Kirat (Rai and Limbu). 7188, This page was last edited on 5 October 2022, at 18:20. However, since the unification of Nepal in the 18th century, Nepal's various non-Hindu ethnic nationalities and tribes, previously called "Matwalis" (alcohol-drinkers) and now termed as "Adivasi/Janajati" (indigenous/nationalities), have been incorporated within the caste hierarchy to varying degrees of success. Their domestic and religious practices are also patterned after the higher Hindu castes of India. They also consult the astrologer to be sure that the couple made a good choice. Magar Thapa are member of Tibeto-Burmese ethno-linguistic society whose language, culture and background is Tibeto-Burmese. There is a belief that people from the same Gotra descended from a common ancestor. Their population consists primarily of three castes, or social classes: the Brahmins (priests and scholars); the Kshatriyas (rulers and warriors); and the Achut (laborers and servants). The Rana family also comes from the Chhetri caste which, from 1846 to 1950, filled the ministers stools and occupied its seats there until now. History JethaBuda Jaya Baniya JethaBuda Jaya Baniyawas a great warrior who played . who wins student body president riverdale. Living in rural areas, Brahmans and Chhetri usually support Newar shopkeepers in their commercial activities. [19] Education is free and open to all castes. According to the story given in the holy book of Bhagavad-Gita, it was cows milk that saved little Krishna from starvation when he was separated from his mother. People Group Location: Omid. Folk dance makes the dancers move his/her body as per his/her wish. Another sage as per Hindu sacred texts is Maudagalya. - Few evangelicals, but significant number who identify as Christians. Here's an article on gotra list with surnames in Nepal. Plz tell me airi caste gotra .I have not found . Shukra Raj Shastri (1894-1941), Freedom Fighter, Martyr. This stands true especially in this modern era where the distinction between them is getting blurred. " , ": Sewn with hundreds of flowers into one garland called Nepali. Brahmin girls were traditionally married at the age of 11, and Chhetrich girls a few years later. 150. What's the largest caste/ethnicity in Nepal? | Code for Nepal Certain outside analysts have suggested that "seeking a balance in approach requires addressing both specific indigenous historical injustices while creating a common citizenship for all marginalised citizens regardless of identity, which remains a particularly challenging issue for Nepal". At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Budhiganga Municipality had a population of 21,700. Thapas were supported by Kunwars due to blood relations. Chicken, duck and goose are debatable and allowance is regionally dependent. [23] In terms of education, 88.0% of Khas Brahmins & Chhetris, and Newars have access to school, 12.0% have never been to school. Nepali Gotra - What is My Gotra? List of All Gotra in Hindu [1][12] Gorkha king of the Chaubisi principality, Ram Shah (1609-1636) is noted to have introduced some rules and regulations about relations between different groups of people in the Gorkha kingdom too. Moreover, there are concerns about Sagotri marriage practice not just culturally/ morally but from a scientific point of view as well. So lets make our world a better place and treat each other as humans and peers rather than people of castes. Different surnames are Lohani, Dudh Pokharel, Panthi, Panta, Niraula, Wagle, Pandey, Subedi, Thapaliya, Jamarkattel, Shiwakoti. The most disadvantaged and underprivileged caste (Dalit) of Nepal has benefitted the least from maternal health service improvements in the recent years. During his formative years, Chhetri's family was living in austerity. Everyone works on the field, but the woman spends more time during the day on housework and in the field. List of Nepali Gotras - ListNepal List of international goals scored by Sunil Chhetri - Wikipedia Angira was a Vedic rishi known as the teacher of divine knowledge. Tools. Some of the biggest ethnicities are the Brahmin-Chhetri, Magars and Newars. Nepalese girls were traditionally married before they reached the age of ten. He symbolizes the Ursa Major or the Great bear along with the seven stars surrounding it. It should be noted here that the Bahun-Chhetri who belong to Caucasian race have been the dominant ruling caste group in Nepal for the last two and half centuries (Bhattachan, Hemchuri, . Bratabandha Ceremony in Nepal What is it and How it Gunyo Cholo in Nepal Dress / Ceremony / Age, ()- Pachbhaiya (Maharashtra), ()- Patil (Maharashtra), () Bhandari (Thansinghe), ()- Bhandari (Suntakhane), ()- Rajopadhyaya (Suvedi), ()- Rajopadhyaya (Risala), ()- Rajopadhyaya (Rimal), () Rajopadhyay (Acharya), () Khoptari (Budhathoki), () Ghimire (Chitikhole), (/) Thapa (Bhandari/Bhandare), // Bharadwaj / Atri / Atreya, // Shandilya / Bharadwaja / Kaushik, // Bharadwaj/Atri/Atreya, // Kashyap/Gautam/Bhardwaj, / () Pokhrel/Pokharel (Dangali), (/) Bishta (Kharkhole/Ghyara), () Budhathoki (Shogari), () Budhathoki (Khaptari), () Bhandari (Thansinge), () Bhandari (Suntakhane), () Mahataro (Chhetriya), () Mahatara (Chhetriya), / () Chanyo/Chancho (Thakuri), / () Chan/Chand (Kama Unipyunani), ( ) Thakuri (Syangajali Khamdi), /( ) Thakunna/Thaguna (Sinha Thakuri), ( ) Bama (Rakse Thakuri), ( ) Bama (Chatyala Thakuri), ( ) Malla (Samala Thakuri), ( ) Malla (Parvate Thakuri), ( ) Malla (Doteli Thakuri), ( ) Malla (Achami Thakuri), / () Rana/Ranaji (Kunwar), ( ) Som Vanshi (Achhami Atrithakuri), ( ) Shah (Raskoti Thakuri), ( ) Shah (Meghali Thakuri), ( ) Shah (Kaskeli Khand), ( ) Shah (Kalyal Thakuri). It was an attempt to include the entire Hindu as well as non-Hindu population of Nepal of that time into a single hierarchic civic code from the perspective of the Khas rulers. Costumes Of Nepal - About Nepalese Dresses For Male Female - ImNepal.com nepali surnames and caste - Jaseng In Nepal, people of different castes wear different sorts of jewellery and dresses of Nepal which are unique to themselves and differ from the other castes to distinguish themselves. Joshua Project occasionally adjusts profile text from third party sources. Sanskrit verse from Geeta explains the basis of ethics Kshetris have derived from: . The above verse explains the duties, characters and behaviours of Kshatriya warrior. Brahmin/Bahun: Adhikari. p. 6. It includes the Seven sages- Saptarishis including Atri, Kashyapa, Vishwamitra, Vashista, Jamadagni, Bharadvaja, Gautama, and Agastya. Between India & Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Karmacharyas and Joshis were all-together stripped off their Brahmin status by these new and arguably more well-read Brahmins, and assimilated them in the Kshatriya/Chathariya. Blanks mean an unknown value. "Nepal: Deadly caste-based attacks spur outcry over social discrimination | DW | 16.06.2020", "Birenda, 55, Ruler of Nepal's Hindu Kingdom". Joseph on June 17, 2022. The Dalits who constitute 12.8 percent of the total population of the country have no representation in the higher echelons of power' (Gurung, H. 2006). Often the relationship is with a person from another village and usually the parents use the intermediary. Values for %Christian Adherent and %Evangelical (which determine unreached status) are often informed estimates, some more accurate than others. 1. [9] Jayasthiti Malla's restructuring also converted celibate Buddhist monks to householder status and inside the hierarchic fold for the first time to form the caste of Vajracharya and Shakya. Many Chhetrich serve in the Nepalese army or in the Gorkh brigades of the Indian or British army. Working-class persons in urban areas who must make a living by selling their labour power. Usually, people from the same caste have the same Gotra. People believe he named God Krishna. Caste is broader term used to represent certain group of people like - poudel, basnet, neupane, khadka, shrestha etc. 46, No. Tika airi chhetri on March 20, 2022. Kashyap gotra, kaushik gotra, bhardwaj gotra, kaundinya gotra and more. We welcome. Madhusudan Subedi. It is said that there are the main 8 gotras evolved from the Rishis (sages) who were mind-born sons of Bramha, one of the Hindu Trinity. Most Nepalese live in small villages in hilly terrain and are accustomed to traveling long distances on foot. In Nepal, the Brahmin caste is traditionally considered to be one of the four main castes, along with Chhetri, Vaishya, and Sudra. Culture of Nepal - history, people, clothing, traditions, women Gotra came into existence from the great Sapta Rishi and their offsprings. Only the poorest families do not own land. There was a popular folk legend that the Chinese failed the strategic attacks on 1792 AD due to the effect of religious war cry of Jai Bhawani. [26], The 2011 Nepal census recorded Chhetris as the largest Hindu adherents in the nation with 4,365,113 people which is 99.3% of total Chhetri population. Most houses have porches and courtyards where people socialize and do crafts such as weaving. Nepal's "unifier," Prithvi Narayan Shah, once called Nepal "a garden of four varnas (castes) and 36 sub-castes . There are also a number of larger towns where the important temples or monasteries are located. Prayer is the key to reaching the Nepalese with the Gospel. , Transliteration: Maawali ko thar jogaunu, Budamaawaliko ghar jogaunu. Caste, State, and Ethnic Boundaries in Nepal. Gandhi arrived in Durban, Natal (now kwaZulu-Natal) Blue is the color of all-inclusiveness. Returning home formally is considered a woman, a member of the caste. The Achut perform the most polluted tasks, such as cleaning bathrooms. List of Gotra And Thari in Nepal | Nepali Gotra, Thar and Caste The most important part of the ceremony is kanyadan, the ritual of handing the bride over to the bridegroom in the hands of the groom. Component A: Project preparatory activities to identify the feasibility of at least four large hydropower projects and a second Nepal- India 400 kilo-volt (kV) cross border If we take it as nothing more than this, there is no reason to get offended. Between 1951 and 1997, out of the 16 Prime Ministers of Nepal, 5 of them were Chhetris. Another important festival is the Tihar festival Dipavali, a festival of lights lasting five days. Dhananjaya gotra came from a Hindu Rishi Dhananjaya. [6] The bulk of prime ministers of Nepal before the democratization of Nepal belonged to this caste as a result of the old Gorkhali aristocracy. Kshetri (Nepali: ) is considered a derivative form of the Sanskrit word Kshatriya. Garga is another excellent sage in Hindu mythology. The caste system defines social classes by a number of hierarchical endogamous groups often termed jaat. 25 Feb/23. Among those 73.8% in higher education belong to the BCN, 22.0% Janajatis and 2.9% Dalit.[21]. Other geography / data: GMI. In many cases people get confused in Caste and Gotra. There were 12 Basnyats, 16 Pandes, 6 Thapas and 3 Kunwar officers totalling to 51 Chhetri officers in the year 1841 A.D.[19] The most prominent officers at Shah administration were the Kazis which had control over civil and military functions like a Minister and Military officer combined. Most surnames under Atreya Gotra includes Dawadi, Paudel, Rosyara, Sigdel, Sharma, Thapa, Bhatta, Duwadi, Aryal, Devkota, Dulal, Kalikote, Khadka, Pokharel. Population Composition in Nepal by Caste and Ethnic Groups - ImNepal.com Chhetri - Wikipedia [30], Chhetri together with Bahun and thakuri falls under Khas Arya, who are denied quota and reservations in civil services and other sectors due to their history of socio-political dominance in Nepal. Master list of ALL Nepali Surnames/Clans (2023) - lixoti.com . A priest from the boys family consults the girls family to establish a favorable date for the ceremony based on the lunar calendar. Not all Khas people have accepted this status, the remaining group of Matvali Chhetris, that is, those who drink liquor and are not the heirs of the sacred legacy. Dhimal Caste. [8] This restructuring was a result of over a millennia of newer Aryan immigrants from the plains since the time of the Lichchavis. - Few evangelicals, but many who identify as Christians. [1] Among them, the district with largest Chhetri population is Kathmandu district with 347,754 (i.e. Some are even specific to one specific subcaste of the surname. Even Khas/Parbatiyas who are today overwhelmingly consolidated into the four Varna structure, have been following Masto tradition since ancient times whereby Masta tutelary deities known as bange-masta, bahiramasta, thado-masta, bahra-masta, athahra-masta are invoked and worshipped. [3] On 28 May 2008, it was declared a republic,[4] ending the period of the Hindu Kingdom. Gharti Chhetri Name Meaning. Generally, the Parvate/Pahari (hilly) Kshatriyas are called as Kshetris or Khas Kshetris. Although they three have same surname, all of them are different. February 7, 2022. In 2001 the CBS recorded 43 caste-origin Hindu groups in the Madhesh. Ask God to bless worship and intercession by Christians from other countries who come to prayer-walk in Nepal. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, https://books.google.com.np/books?id=gnJuAAAAMAAJ, https://books.google.com.np/books?id=CVLeCQAAQBAJ, " , ", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kshetri&oldid=8422524, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Nepal opened its borders in 1951. Agirl during the first menstruation is transferred to another house, where she is hidden by the eyes of men from her family and from sunlight. Note that it is not always true- there are few exceptions. Cast in Nepal Ethnic Groups in Nepal | List of ethnic groups in Nepal - Nepal Trekking Basnyat, Pande and Thapas were most powerful Chhetri groups led by Shivaram Singh Basnyat, Kalu Pande and Birbhadra Thapa at the Unification of Nepal. The Nepalese Chhetri are the major ethnic group in Nepal. So, to make this matter convenient, here we have come up with the lists of castes and their respective sub-castes which will make you crystal clear about the castes-related facts. Nepal is a landlocked, mountainous country located between India and Tibet. Chhetri is the largest caste/ethnic groups having 16.6% (4,398,053) of the total population followed by Brahman-Hill (12.2% ; 3,226,903).". 26 million with absent population of 1.9 million and growth rate of 1.35% per annum. Baptism is considered the ultimate proof of conversion, and the person performing the baptism can face up to a six-year prison term. They have been working in different fields. See here the total Nepali Thar haru. The Facility will support two components: Component A and Component B. Newar lowest occupational castes Dom, Podhya, Chyamaha/Chandala, etc. People of the Khas group as well as children conceived from the relationships of Brahmin men and Khas women were named Khatri, after which they obtained the status of Chhetri. [7] Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology. There is an observable reaction to this among certain Khas Brahmin and Chhetri groups, seeking to prevent group-based rights from becoming an important factor in the country that earlier had a political system associated with group-based discrimination. enumerators interviewed 1072 adults from 14 districts of Nepal in March and April of . Instead, nature worship, shamanism and ancestor worship was more common in sync with Tibetan spirituality among the Sino-Tibetan groups. Chhetri in Nepal people group profile | Joshua Project Nepali folk dance is the traditional dance which is performed in Nepal with the help of folk music and song. A young couple usually lives with the grooms family together with his parents, brothers and their wives and unmarried sisters. These societies/ethnicities were: Khas/Parbatiya and Newars in the hills and Madhesis in the plains. They are Saptarishis (, the famous 7 sages) - Kashyapa, Atri, Vashista, Vishwamitra, Gautama, Jamadagni, Bharadvaja, and the 8th is Agastya [1][2].There are 49 established Hindu gotras today[3] all of which are themselves or evolved from . The Nepalese Chhetri are the major ethnic group in Nepal. Baniya : A Chhetri Community of Nepal. List of Gotra and Thari Gotra is - Kuamuni Bramins People - Facebook Nepal Visa Requirements. It is believed that some months are highly detrimental to entering into marriages. On-the-ground reality may vary from what is presented here. Chhetri is the largest caste/ethnic groups having 16.6% (4,398,053) of the total population followed by Brahman-Hill (12.2%; 3,226,903), Magar (7.1% ; 1,887,733), . It is a form of millennium old ancient worship continued till date. Caste system in Nepal - Wikipedia . [8][9] According to the 1854 Legal Code (Muluki Ain) of Nepal, Chhetris are the social group among the sacred thread bearers (Tagadhari) and twice-born people of the Hindu tradition. The ancient history of the Thakurs is traced back to their ancestral and tribal sources. Chhetri . He gained prominence as a scholar in different languages in the Indian subcontinent. Many Kshetris triennially celebrate clanwise Masto deity worship called Dewali Puja. Their domestic and religious practices are also patterned after the higher Hindu castes of India. And in Nepal, caste wise there are three caste having surname Bhandari. We hope you found this list of Gotra and Thari in Nepal helpful. The major castes living in Pokhara are Brahmins, Chhetris, Gurungs, Magars and Dalits, mainly following Buddhist and Hindu religions. Ravens receive sweets and other delicacies in a gift, and pets decorate themselves with flower garlands. [10] It also solidified the supremacy of Kanyakubja Brahmin descendants like the Rajopadhyaya Brahmins over other priests like Maithil Brahmins. Master list of ALL Nepali Surnames/Clans (2023) - lixoti.com He created the Gayatri Mantra. The above-mentioned table clarifies that the majority of people i.e. Much of the previously animist/tribal Khas population of the western Nepal region acquired the 'Chhetri' status in the 1850s with the proclamation by the Rana Prime Minister Jung Bahadur Rana, making Chhetris the most populous caste/tribe of Nepal. [12], They are thought to be connected to the Khasas mentioned in the ancient Indian literature and the medieval Khasa kingdom. There they encountered a Khas caste, people of a Brahmin-like culture, who in the caste . Kshetri are almost all Hindus as per 2011 Nepal census. However, NLSS data suggest that there is a marked difference in the poverty status between Brahmin and Chhetri. About: Chhetri - DBpedia The people of the Chhetri and Brahmin caste do not have artistic tendencies. Caste has been the central feature in Nepal to . They have become major decision makers in the bureaucracy of Nepal has become crystal clear. List of Tables Table A: changes in the caste/ethnic population between the census 2011 and census 2001 Table 1.1: Proportion of population by caste and ethnic group, nepal, 2010/11 Table 2: poverty groups by ethnic/caste groups, nepal, 2010/11 Table 3: nominal per capita consumption . The most ambitious and powerful among the Chhetris, the Khas kings began to further claim a new caste where they merged with the Magar kings of Gandaki region to form a royal hybrid Thakuri caste. Dance is completed in Nepal with traditional, classical, and music. [1], The Government of Nepal legally abolished the caste-system and criminalized any caste-based discrimination, including "untouchability" (the ostracism of a specific caste) - in 1963. Though Nepal is a small country, it comprises various types of traditional dance. There are many different gotras among the Brahmin community in Nepal, and each gotra has its own set of customs and traditions. Currently, Newars are divided into groups of over 25 occupational caste categories who share a common language (mother-tongue) Nepal Bhasa or speak Nepali. Gurung, H. (2005). MOPE (2002). They were able to dominate most of the Nepalese history through monopolizing government and military upto 1951 AD. Thus, the highest military rank (Chief of Army Staff previously Commander-in-Chief) is completely monopolized by Chhetri caste.they also recruit in british army in large numbers, chhetri/thakuris dominant 40% of total nepal army strength , and they have reserved regiment the 9 gorkha rifles in indian army. Cultural Dresses of Nepal | Shilpa - YouTube The Chhetri are considered the largest ethnic community in Nepal, comprising 16.6% of the population according to the 2011 census. Sources mention two hundred eighty-four Khas surnames exist as of today. Cow and buffalo are privileged animals in this culture. Pokhara has become a cultural confluence of more than 80 different ethnic and caste groups ( Adhikari, 2000 ). [10][11] Almost all Chhetris are Hindu. This greatly exceeds the Kshatriya portion in most regions with predominantly Hindu populations. Men meet then to make bets sometimes they pledge the rich jewelry of their wives and daughters, or their own homes. The clothes are used according to their geographical belt in Nepal. according to their caste. In rare instances a representative photo may be used. Chhetri - My Holiday Nepal There are many rites of passage for children, such as the first rice feeding and the first haircut. However, this has not happened yet but we are hopeful. Their dominance is reflected in education, administration and economical activities of the nation. In the times of unification of Nepal, Kshetris were more rigid to worship of ferocious forms of Godess Kali and Lord Shiva. The Nepalese also cultivate vegetable gardens to feed their families. The legacy of parents passes only to the son. Of these, 99.9% spoke Nepali and 0.1% other languages as their first language. Wet rice is grown during the monsoon season; dry rice, maize, millet, and wheat are raised on drier land during the summer and winter months. Recommended Links:94 Intriguing Newari Surnames and Caste Based on their Traditional Occupation21 Bold Nepali Names as Surnames100 Popular Nepali Brahmin Surnames Or Last Names, By RegionThe fear of Inter-Caste Marriage in Nepal 5 reasons why it makes sense and 5 reasons why it does not!
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